Action layer · 479 days to first declaration
First annual CBAM declaration is due 30/09/2027. Document your Iron and steel imports from Ukraine now.
EU default-value mark-up is +10% in 2026 and rises to +20% in 2027 per Implementing Reg (EU) 2025/2621. Switching to supplier-verified emissions skips the mark-up entirely — but you need verified figures before the higher rate kicks in. Calculate your exposure today, share the results with your supplier, and lock in lower CBAM cost for the year ahead.
Sources: Reg (EU) 2023/956 Art 6(1) as amended by Reg (EU) 2025/2083 (CBAM Omnibus, 20 Oct 2025) — deadline postponed from 31 May to 30 September of the year following the import year. Implementing Reg (EU) 2025/2621 §3 (mark-up phase-in). PDF prices read live from tier_config; deadline reads from the central cbam_deadlines system-settings row at render time. Operator updates at /admin/system propagate within 1 h.
Importing Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms from Ukraine? Here's what CBAM costs you today.
100 tonnes of CN 72010000 from Ukraine
By 2028 the same shipment costs €21,288 as the EU markup increases (Reg 2025/2621 §3 phases +10% → +20% → +30%). Your shipment may differ — yours may have lower verified emissions.
Calculated at the current CBAM certificate price of €75.36/tCO₂e × the EU default emission intensity for Ukraine (Reg 2025/2621). Landed-cost ratio uses Eurostat Comext market price (DS-045409).
Key CBAM facts for CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| CBAM scope status | In scope per Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Annex I |
| Top EU supplier (latest period) | Ukraine |
| EU default emission intensity (top origin) | 2.17 tCO₂e per tonne of goods |
| Current CBAM certificate price | €75.36 per tCO₂e |
| CBAM cost for a 100-tonne shipment (2026) | €18,013 |
| Trade data as of | 01/2026 |
Sources: Eurostat Comext (top supplier, trade volume, market price); EU Commission DG TAXUD “DVs as adopted” Excel (default intensity, Reg 2025/2621); EU TAXUD CBAM certificate-price publication (Reg 2025/2548). All figures live from DB; no fabrication.
Problem
CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms) is in CBAM scope as iron and steel. EU defaults for Ukraine: 2.17 tCO₂e/t direct. Reg 2023/956 Annex I.
Implication
At €75.36/tCO₂e, 100 t = €18,013 ≈ 51.8% of landed cost. By 2028, ≈ €21,288 as defaults markup phases to +30%.
Solution
Free calculator with CN 72010000 pre-filled (5 min). On-screen result instantly. Tamper-evident PDF for customs from €49. Open calculator →
CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms) is in CBAM scope. The largest current EU supplier is Ukraine, at an EU default emission intensity of 2.17 tCO2e per tonne — which becomes 2.39 tCO2e in 2026 with the +10% statutory markup applied. For a typical 100-tonne shipment from Ukraine, that translates to €18,013 in CBAM cost in 2026 and €21,288 in 2028 — an increase of €3,275 per shipment as Reg 2025/2621 §3 phases the markup from +10% to +30%. Among CBAM-eligible origins with published EU defaults, the lowest CBAM cost for CN 72010000 is from Brazil — saving approximately €5,764 per 100 t versus the current top supplier Ukraine at 2026 markup.
Where every euro goes — CBAM as % of landed cost
For a 100-tonne shipment of CN 72010000 from Ukraine, CBAM is 34.1% of every euro you spend importing. By 2028 it grows to 38.0% as the EU markup phases to +30%.
By 2028 (peak markup phase, +30%)
“Landed cost” here = goods value (Eurostat Comext €/kg × 100 t) + CBAM cost (EU 2026 marked-up default × current cert price). Excludes freight, transmission losses, market premiums — those vary per importer. Source data from cbam_comext_partner_facts × cbam_country_defaults × cbam_certificate_prices.
The same shipment costs more every year you delay
EU markup phases +10% (2026) → +20% (2027) → +30% (2028+). Locking in a 2026 calc today saves €3,275 per 100 t shipment by 2028.
Show year-by-year cost breakdown
+€3,275 per 100 t shipment by 2028 — unless you switch to supplier-verified emissions before then. Per Reg 2025/2547 §3, verified intensity bypasses the markup.
Calculate now — share with supplier — lock in 2026 ratesComputed from EU default for Ukraine × current CBAM cert price. Reg 2025/2621 §3.
Top EU suppliers of CN 72010000 — and what each costs
Brazil saves €5,764 per 100 t vs Ukraine at current EU defaults — Brazil's default is 32.0% lower.
Show top 5 origins comparison
| Origin | Share % | Default tCO₂e/t | Cost / 100 t (2026) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukrainetop supplier | 67.0% | 2.17 | €18,013 |
| South Africa | 21.8% | 3.47 | €28,765 |
| Brazilcheapest CBAM | 11.2% | 1.48 | €12,250 |
| China | 0.0% | 1.66 | €13,761 |
| Turkey | 0.0% | 1.85 | €15,336 |
Cheapest CBAM cost on this CN: import from Brazil — saves €5,764 per 100 t vs the current top supplier (Ukraine).
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409) for trade mass + market share; EU Reg 2025/2621 for default emission intensities; latest CBAM cert price for the EUR conversion. All figures live from DB; no fabrication. Granularity caveat: Eurostat publishes partner-trade flows at HS-4 level only — the share % above describes the entire HS heading 7201 family, not one specific 8-digit subcode. Default intensities and cost per 100 t are CN-specific where the EU publishes per-CN values.
3 questions every CBAM declaration faces
Every PDF you generate for CN 72010000answers all three with cited regulation refs. That's the difference between a calculator output and an audit-ready document.
Show the three cards
Where did the data come from?
Live from Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), refreshed weekly via thecbam-comextcron. Refresh timestamps tracked in cbam_source_runs.
Can it be verified?
Every PDF carries a SHA-256 hash + QR code linking to a public verify page (verification methodology). Auditors trace any figure back to its EU regulation citation in the PDF footer.
What if EU updates the defaults?
Our cron tracks cbam_country_defaults weekly. PDFs you bought stay valid (snapshot of values at purchase time); the calculator uses the latest. PRO subscribers get an audit-log JSON recording every figure's timestamp.
Default Penalty Tax — what verified emissions could save you
Default vs EU benchmark comparison unavailable for CN 72010000. The EU may not have published a benchmark for this code yet under Reg 2025/2620 §5.3.
Audit-trail readiness — every PDF for CN 72010000 ships compliance-grade
Every PDF for CN 72010000 ships audit-ready: SHA-256 hash + QR + reg citations baked in. Designed for the question that comes after customs clearance — the audit two years later.
Show the 3-point audit checklist
Source citations baked in
Reg 2023/956 Annex I (scope), Reg 2025/2621 §3 (default-value markup), Reg 2025/2620 §5.3 (free-allocation benchmark) — each PDF page footer cites the exact article + access date. For CN 72010000, your PDF will cite the 04/02/2026 effective-from date of the Ukraine default-value row used.
Tamper-evident hash
SHA-256 of the report bytes + QR code linking to /verify/{report_id}. An auditor confirms the document hasn't been altered since generation, and re-fetches the original timestamps from the public verification page.
Provenance log
Every value used (default intensity, cert price, scope status) carries the source-runner refresh timestamp from
cbam_source_runs. CBAM PRO subscribers get a downloadableaudit-log.jsonper declaration bundle — every input traceable to its EU source URL + fetch date.
Where on the map does CN 72010000 hurt your CBAM bill the most?
Origins coloured by EU default intensity. Greener origins cut both CBAM cost and audit complexity — less to verify, fewer surprises in your data.
Show the 15-origin grid
Canada
1.11 tCO₂e/t
€9,201 per 100 t
United States
1.21 tCO₂e/t
€10,030 per 100 t
Brazil
1.48 tCO₂e/t
€12,250 per 100 t
Korea (South)
1.54 tCO₂e/t
€12,766 per 100 t
China
1.66 tCO₂e/t
€13,761 per 100 t
Turkey
1.85 tCO₂e/t
€15,336 per 100 t
Iran
1.86 tCO₂e/t
€15,419 per 100 t
Taiwan
1.86 tCO₂e/t
€15,419 per 100 t
Colombia
1.93 tCO₂e/t
€15,999 per 100 t
Japan
1.96 tCO₂e/t
€16,248 per 100 t
Chile
1.96 tCO₂e/t
€16,248 per 100 t
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.16 tCO₂e/t
€17,906 per 100 t
Serbia
2.16 tCO₂e/t
€17,906 per 100 t
Ukraine
2.17 tCO₂e/t
€18,013 per 100 t
Vietnam
2.19 tCO₂e/t
€18,154 per 100 t
Origins in green have ~49% lower EU default intensity than red-zone origins. Importing from a green-zone supplier can cut your CBAM cost AND reduce audit complexity (fewer EU-accredited verifiers operate in red-zone countries — industry rule of thumb, not regulatory).
Source: cbam_country_defaults for CN 72010000, sorted ASC by total emission intensity (Reg 2025/2621 §3). Quartiles binned across the 15-origin set returned. CBAM-eligible non-EU non-Annex-III only.
Your CBAM calendar — when each penalty hits your P&L
next cert price ~07/07/2026 · 207 days to next markup phase.
Show all 5 milestones
- 07/07/2026estimate29 days
Next CBAM cert-price publication (estimate, after 2026-Q1)
cbam_certificate_prices cadence
- 01/01/2027207 days
EU default-value markup phases +10% → +20%
Reg 2025/2621 §3
Lock in 2026 verified emissions before this date - 30/09/2027479 days
First annual CBAM declaration deadline (for 2026 imports)
Reg 2023/956 Art 6(1) as amended by Reg 2025/2083
Start documenting your shipments now - 30/09/2027479 days
Annual CBAM-certificate surrender deadline
Reg 2023/956 Art 22 (concurrent with declaration)
- 01/01/2028572 days
EU default-value markup phases +20% → +30% (final phase-in)
Reg 2025/2621 §3
Definitive-period dates only — quarterly reports ended 31 December 2025 (transitional period closed). Sources: Reg 2023/956 Art 6(1) + Art 22; Reg 2025/2621 §3; per-CN expiry from cbam_country_defaults and cbam_cn_scope.
Hidden opportunity — procurement angle
💡 Switching from Ukraine to Canada pays off if their goods premium stays under 29.9%. Competitors paying defaults are 29.9% more expensive at the customer — that's a marketing weapon, not just compliance.
Show year-by-year tolerance bars
Top current supplier of CN 72010000: Ukraine (EU default 2.17 tCO₂e/t). Lowest-default-intensity CBAM-eligible alternative: Canada (EU default 1.11 tCO₂e/t).
Tolerance grows yearly — every markup phase makes the lower-default origin more competitive on landed cost.
Compare both origins side-by-side in the calculatorThreshold, not claim: we compute the maximum goods-price premium for Canadawhere switching still saves money. We don't have visibility into your supplier negotiations; the actual quoted premium varies by supplier and contract.
EU defaults are conservative: your existing supplier's verified emissions may already be at or below Canada's default. Run with verified data when available.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409) for Ukraine market price-per-kg;cbam_country_defaults for both origins' intensities; current cert price.
Are you sure CN 72010000 is the right code? (We checked the boundaries)
CN 72010000 is the only in-scope 8-digit code we track in HS heading 7201. If you're shipping under a different code in this heading, run the scope check at /cbam/scope.
Don't know how to ask your supplier for emission data?
📨 We'll write the letter for you — legal-grade citing Reg 2025/2547 §3 verbatim. Free, email-delivered. No competitor offers this; consultancies charge €5,000+ for equivalent letters.
See what the letter requests + how it works
What the letter asks for (exactly the 6 inputs Reg 2025/2547 §3 entitles you to request from the producer):
- Direct emission intensity (tCO₂e per tonne of CN 72010000)
- Indirect emission intensity (tCO₂e per tonne)
- Production route (e.g. blast furnace / electric arc furnace for steel)
- Aggregated parameter for input materials (precursors)
- Verifier statement per §6 (EA-recognised verifier)
- Statement of carbon price already paid in country of origin (Reg 2023/956 Art 9 deduction support)
How it works: fill in your supplier's name + email + your company details + annual import volume. We generate a tamper-proof PDF + email-ready text and email it to YOU (not your supplier directly) — you stay in control of the relationship.
Generate the letter for CN 72010000 — Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary formsLetter content cites EU regulations verbatim; no fabrication.
Origin carbon-price deduction (Article 9)
Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 lets importers deduct any verified carbon price already paid in the country of origin from the CBAM certificate cost. If your Ukrainesupplier participates in a domestic ETS or carbon-tax scheme and can produce verifier-attested proof of payment, you enter the €/tCO₂e in the calculator's Origin carbon price paid field and the deduction is applied to the gross cost.
We do not publish a live table of Ukraine's domestic carbon prices on this page — the value depends on the specific scheme + verification, not a public daily print. Speak with your supplier and provide the verified figure to the calculator yourself.
Resources
Frequently asked: CBAM imports from CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms)
Is CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms) in CBAM scope?
Yes. CN 72010000 is classified under the iron and steel sector in CBAM scope per Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2023/956. EU importers of this CN code must comply with CBAM reporting obligations from January 2026 (definitive period). Verify scope status with our cn-scope monitor cron, refreshed weekly.
What is the EU default emission intensity for CN 72010000?
The European Commission publishes country-specific default emission values for CN 72010000 under Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621. Across CBAM-eligible non-EU origins, the published range is 1.11 tCO2e per tonne (Canada — lowest published default) to 7.92 tCO2e per tonne (Indonesia — highest published default). The 2026 marked-up value adds +10% per Reg 2025/2621 §3, phasing to +20% in 2027 and +30% from 2028.
Where can I import CN 72010000 most cheaply (CBAM cost)?
By 2026 marked-up EU default emission intensity × current CBAM certificate price (€75.36/tCO2e), the lowest CBAM cost per 100-tonne shipment comes from: Brazil (€12,250 per 100 t), China (€13,761 per 100 t), Turkey (€15,336 per 100 t). This ranks origins by EU-published default intensity only — your supplier's verified emissions may put any origin lower. Run the calculator at /cbam/calculator with your specific shipment for an exact comparison.
Can my supplier's verified emissions reduce my CBAM cost on CN 72010000?
Yes. Per Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2547 §3, an importer can substitute the EU default emission intensity with a supplier-verified figure. The verified figure must come from an EA-recognised verifier per Reg (EU) 2025/2546 (verification of declared embedded emissions). For most imports the verified intensity is materially lower than the default + statutory markup, so getting verified data from your supplier reduces CBAM cost. Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 also lets you deduct the carbon price already paid in the country of origin from the CBAM surrender obligation, with verified documentation.
Have a question about CBAM imports from CN 72010000 (Pig iron and spiegeleisen, in pigs, blocks or other primary forms)that isn't covered? Email support@customs-invoice.com — we'll publish answers to common ones here.