Action layer · 479 days to first declaration
First annual CBAM declaration is due 30/09/2027. Document your Iron and steel imports from Turkey now.
EU default-value mark-up is +10% in 2026 and rises to +20% in 2027 per Implementing Reg (EU) 2025/2621. Switching to supplier-verified emissions skips the mark-up entirely — but you need verified figures before the higher rate kicks in. Calculate your exposure today, share the results with your supplier, and lock in lower CBAM cost for the year ahead.
Sources: Reg (EU) 2023/956 Art 6(1) as amended by Reg (EU) 2025/2083 (CBAM Omnibus, 20 Oct 2025) — deadline postponed from 31 May to 30 September of the year following the import year. Implementing Reg (EU) 2025/2621 §3 (mark-up phase-in). PDF prices read live from tier_config; deadline reads from the central cbam_deadlines system-settings row at render time. Operator updates at /admin/system propagate within 1 h.
Importing Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon from Turkey? Here's what CBAM costs you today.
100 tonnes of CN 72112900 from Turkey
By 2028 the same shipment costs €24,590 as the EU markup increases (Reg 2025/2621 §3 phases +10% → +20% → +30%). Your shipment may differ — yours may have lower verified emissions.
Calculated at the current CBAM certificate price of €75.36/tCO₂e × the EU default emission intensity for Turkey (Reg 2025/2621). Landed-cost ratio uses Eurostat Comext market price (DS-045409).
Key CBAM facts for CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| CBAM scope status | In scope per Regulation (EU) 2023/956 Annex I |
| Top EU supplier (latest period) | Turkey |
| EU default emission intensity (top origin) | 2.51 tCO₂e per tonne of goods |
| Current CBAM certificate price | €75.36 per tCO₂e |
| CBAM cost for a 100-tonne shipment (2026) | €20,807 |
| Trade data as of | 01/2026 |
Sources: Eurostat Comext (top supplier, trade volume, market price); EU Commission DG TAXUD “DVs as adopted” Excel (default intensity, Reg 2025/2621); EU TAXUD CBAM certificate-price publication (Reg 2025/2548). All figures live from DB; no fabrication.
Problem
CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon) is in CBAM scope as iron and steel. EU defaults for Turkey: 2.51 tCO₂e/t direct. Reg 2023/956 Annex I.
Implication
At €75.36/tCO₂e, 100 t = €20,807 ≈ 26.5% of landed cost. By 2028, ≈ €24,590 as defaults markup phases to +30%.
Solution
Free calculator with CN 72112900 pre-filled (5 min). On-screen result instantly. Tamper-evident PDF for customs from €49. Open calculator →
CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon) is in CBAM scope. The largest current EU supplier is Turkey, at an EU default emission intensity of 2.51 tCO2e per tonne — which becomes 2.76 tCO2e in 2026 with the +10% statutory markup applied. For a typical 100-tonne shipment from Turkey, that translates to €20,807 in CBAM cost in 2026 and €24,590 in 2028 — an increase of €3,783 per shipment as Reg 2025/2621 §3 phases the markup from +10% to +30%. Among CBAM-eligible origins with published EU defaults, the lowest CBAM cost for CN 72112900 is from Brazil — saving approximately €6,466 per 100 t versus the current top supplier Turkey at 2026 markup.
Where every euro goes — CBAM as % of landed cost
For a 100-tonne shipment of CN 72112900 from Turkey, CBAM is 20.9% of every euro you spend importing. By 2028 it grows to 23.8% as the EU markup phases to +30%.
By 2028 (peak markup phase, +30%)
“Landed cost” here = goods value (Eurostat Comext €/kg × 100 t) + CBAM cost (EU 2026 marked-up default × current cert price). Excludes freight, transmission losses, market premiums — those vary per importer. Source data from cbam_comext_partner_facts × cbam_country_defaults × cbam_certificate_prices.
The same shipment costs more every year you delay
EU markup phases +10% (2026) → +20% (2027) → +30% (2028+). Locking in a 2026 calc today saves €3,783 per 100 t shipment by 2028.
Show year-by-year cost breakdown
+€3,783 per 100 t shipment by 2028 — unless you switch to supplier-verified emissions before then. Per Reg 2025/2547 §3, verified intensity bypasses the markup.
Calculate now — share with supplier — lock in 2026 ratesComputed from EU default for Turkey × current CBAM cert price. Reg 2025/2621 §3.
Top EU suppliers of CN 72112900 — and what each costs
Brazil saves €6,466 per 100 t vs Turkey at current EU defaults — Brazil's default is 31.1% lower.
Show top 10 origins comparison
| Origin | Share % | Default tCO₂e/t | Cost / 100 t (2026) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turkeytop supplier | 72.8% | 2.51 | €20,807 |
| Korea (South) | 5.8% | 2.14 | €17,773 |
| China | 5.6% | 3.21 | €26,568 |
| Egypt | 4.8% | — | — |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2.8% | 2.29 | €18,983 |
| Lebanon | 2.3% | — | — |
| India | 1.6% | 4.28 | €35,479 |
| Taiwan | 1.4% | 2.33 | €19,340 |
| Brazilcheapest CBAM | 1.1% | 1.73 | €14,341 |
| Japan | 0.9% | 2.13 | €17,657 |
Cheapest CBAM cost on this CN: import from Brazil — saves €6,466 per 100 t vs the current top supplier (Turkey).
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409) for trade mass + market share; EU Reg 2025/2621 for default emission intensities; latest CBAM cert price for the EUR conversion. All figures live from DB; no fabrication. Granularity caveat: Eurostat publishes partner-trade flows at HS-4 level only — the share % above describes the entire HS heading 7211 family, not one specific 8-digit subcode. Default intensities and cost per 100 t are CN-specific where the EU publishes per-CN values.
3 questions every CBAM declaration faces
Every PDF you generate for CN 72112900answers all three with cited regulation refs. That's the difference between a calculator output and an audit-ready document.
Show the three cards
Where did the data come from?
Live from Eurostat Comext (DS-045409), refreshed weekly via thecbam-comextcron. Refresh timestamps tracked in cbam_source_runs.
Can it be verified?
Every PDF carries a SHA-256 hash + QR code linking to a public verify page (verification methodology). Auditors trace any figure back to its EU regulation citation in the PDF footer.
What if EU updates the defaults?
Our cron tracks cbam_country_defaults weekly. PDFs you bought stay valid (snapshot of values at purchase time); the calculator uses the latest. PRO subscribers get an audit-log JSON recording every figure's timestamp.
Default Penalty Tax — what verified emissions could save you
Save up to €20,212 per 100 t with supplier-verified emissions at the EU benchmark intensity (Reg 2025/2620 §5.3). You're throwing €20,212to Brussels because you don't have data.
Show the 2-bar comparison
The benchmark is the EU's best-practice reference, not a guarantee. Your supplier's actual verified intensity may be higher or lower than the benchmark — but in most cases it's materially lower than the marked-up default. Default leg uses Turkey's 2026 marked-up value.
What part of the CBAM bill is actually avoidable?
Of the €20,807 CBAM cost on a 100-tonne shipment of CN 72112900 from Turkey, €20,212 (97%) is avoidable with verified supplier data. The rest is the EU benchmark floor — physics, not penalty.
Benchmark floor
€595
Unavoidable. What you pay even if your supplier matches EU best-practice intensity (Reg 2025/2620 §5.3 benchmark = 0.08 tCO₂e/t).
Data-availability gap
€18,320
Avoidable if your supplier's actual intensity is below the EU default (2.51 tCO₂e/t). Verified data beating default closes this gap.
Markup penalty
€1,892
Avoidable by getting any verified data — Reg 2025/2621 §3's +10/+20/+30% statutory uplift only applies to defaults, not verified emissions.
The action: get one document from your supplier — a verifier-stamped emission statement per Reg 2025/2547 §3. That single document collapses the amber + red segments into the green floor.
Sources: cbam_benchmarks for the EU best-practice intensity (Reg 2025/2620 §5.3); cbam_country_defaultsfor per-origin default intensity + 2026 marked-up value (Reg 2025/2621 §3); current cert price. “Avoidable” means via verified supplier data, not via origin-switching or any commercial route.
Audit-trail readiness — every PDF for CN 72112900 ships compliance-grade
Every PDF for CN 72112900 ships audit-ready: SHA-256 hash + QR + reg citations baked in. Designed for the question that comes after customs clearance — the audit two years later.
Show the 3-point audit checklist
Source citations baked in
Reg 2023/956 Annex I (scope), Reg 2025/2621 §3 (default-value markup), Reg 2025/2620 §5.3 (free-allocation benchmark) — each PDF page footer cites the exact article + access date. For CN 72112900, your PDF will cite the 04/02/2026 effective-from date of the Turkey default-value row used.
Tamper-evident hash
SHA-256 of the report bytes + QR code linking to /verify/{report_id}. An auditor confirms the document hasn't been altered since generation, and re-fetches the original timestamps from the public verification page.
Provenance log
Every value used (default intensity, cert price, scope status) carries the source-runner refresh timestamp from
cbam_source_runs. CBAM PRO subscribers get a downloadableaudit-log.jsonper declaration bundle — every input traceable to its EU source URL + fetch date.
Where on the map does CN 72112900 hurt your CBAM bill the most?
Origins coloured by EU default intensity. Greener origins cut both CBAM cost and audit complexity — less to verify, fewer surprises in your data.
Show the 15-origin grid
Azerbaijan
0.14 tCO₂e/t
€1,161 per 100 t
Myanmar
0.47 tCO₂e/t
€3,896 per 100 t
Philippines
0.74 tCO₂e/t
€6,134 per 100 t
United States
1.44 tCO₂e/t
€11,937 per 100 t
Canada
1.51 tCO₂e/t
€12,517 per 100 t
North Macedonia
1.53 tCO₂e/t
€12,683 per 100 t
Brazil
1.73 tCO₂e/t
€14,341 per 100 t
Iran
1.94 tCO₂e/t
€16,082 per 100 t
Chile
2.05 tCO₂e/t
€16,994 per 100 t
Japan
2.13 tCO₂e/t
€17,657 per 100 t
Korea (South)
2.14 tCO₂e/t
€17,773 per 100 t
Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.29 tCO₂e/t
€18,983 per 100 t
Thailand
2.33 tCO₂e/t
€19,322 per 100 t
Taiwan
2.33 tCO₂e/t
€19,340 per 100 t
Vietnam
2.37 tCO₂e/t
€19,646 per 100 t
Origins in green have ~94% lower EU default intensity than red-zone origins. Importing from a green-zone supplier can cut your CBAM cost AND reduce audit complexity (fewer EU-accredited verifiers operate in red-zone countries — industry rule of thumb, not regulatory).
Source: cbam_country_defaults for CN 72112900, sorted ASC by total emission intensity (Reg 2025/2621 §3). Quartiles binned across the 15-origin set returned. CBAM-eligible non-EU non-Annex-III only.
Your CBAM calendar — when each penalty hits your P&L
next cert price ~07/07/2026 · 207 days to next markup phase.
Show all 5 milestones
- 07/07/2026estimate29 days
Next CBAM cert-price publication (estimate, after 2026-Q1)
cbam_certificate_prices cadence
- 01/01/2027207 days
EU default-value markup phases +10% → +20%
Reg 2025/2621 §3
Lock in 2026 verified emissions before this date - 30/09/2027479 days
First annual CBAM declaration deadline (for 2026 imports)
Reg 2023/956 Art 6(1) as amended by Reg 2025/2083
Start documenting your shipments now - 30/09/2027479 days
Annual CBAM-certificate surrender deadline
Reg 2023/956 Art 22 (concurrent with declaration)
- 01/01/2028572 days
EU default-value markup phases +20% → +30% (final phase-in)
Reg 2025/2621 §3
Definitive-period dates only — quarterly reports ended 31 December 2025 (transitional period closed). Sources: Reg 2023/956 Art 6(1) + Art 22; Reg 2025/2621 §3; per-CN expiry from cbam_country_defaults and cbam_cn_scope.
Hidden opportunity — procurement angle
💡 Switching from Turkey to Azerbaijan pays off if their goods premium stays under 29.6%. Competitors paying defaults are 29.6% more expensive at the customer — that's a marketing weapon, not just compliance.
Show year-by-year tolerance bars
Top current supplier of CN 72112900: Turkey (EU default 2.51 tCO₂e/t). Lowest-default-intensity CBAM-eligible alternative: Azerbaijan (EU default 0.14 tCO₂e/t).
Tolerance grows yearly — every markup phase makes the lower-default origin more competitive on landed cost.
Compare both origins side-by-side in the calculatorThreshold, not claim: we compute the maximum goods-price premium for Azerbaijanwhere switching still saves money. We don't have visibility into your supplier negotiations; the actual quoted premium varies by supplier and contract.
EU defaults are conservative: your existing supplier's verified emissions may already be at or below Azerbaijan's default. Run with verified data when available.
Sources: Eurostat Comext (DS-045409) for Turkey market price-per-kg;cbam_country_defaults for both origins' intensities; current cert price.
Are you sure CN 72112900 is the right code? (We checked the boundaries)
7 8-digit CN codes in HS heading 7211 are tracked as in CBAM scope per Annex I (Reg 2023/956). You're not missing a loophole — make sure your shipments are classified correctly across this heading.
Show all 7 in-scope codes in heading 7211
| CN code | Description | Effective from |
|---|---|---|
| 72110000 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated | 04/02/2026 |
| 72111300 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, simply hot-rolled on four faces or in a closed box pass, not clad, plated or coated, of a width of > 150 mm but < 600 mm and a thickness of >= 4 mm, not in coils, without patterns in relief, commonly known as "wide flats" | 04/02/2026 |
| 72111400 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width < 600 mm, not further worked than hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated, of a thickness of >= 4,75 mm (excl. "wide flats") | 04/02/2026 |
| 72111900 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width < 600 mm, simply hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated, of a thickness < 4,75 mm (excl. "wide flats") | 04/02/2026 |
| 72112300 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight < 0,25% of carbon | 04/02/2026 |
| 72112900 (current) | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon | 04/02/2026 |
| 72119000 | Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, hot-rolled or cold-rolled "cold-reduced" and further worked, but not clad, plated or coated | 04/02/2026 |
We list codes in cbam_cn_scope for HS heading 7211— the codes the EU's “DVs as adopted” Excel lists in scope. Codes outside our table for this heading may be exempt OR may have been added recently. Scope can change if EU revises Annex I. We monitor weekly via the cn-scope cron.
Don't know how to ask your supplier for emission data?
📨 We'll write the letter for you — legal-grade, in Turkish, citing Reg 2025/2547 §3 verbatim. Free, email-delivered. No competitor offers this; consultancies charge €5,000+ for equivalent letters.
See what the letter requests + how it works
What the letter asks for (exactly the 6 inputs Reg 2025/2547 §3 entitles you to request from the producer):
- Direct emission intensity (tCO₂e per tonne of CN 72112900)
- Indirect emission intensity (tCO₂e per tonne)
- Production route (e.g. blast furnace / electric arc furnace for steel)
- Aggregated parameter for input materials (precursors)
- Verifier statement per §6 (EA-recognised verifier)
- Statement of carbon price already paid in country of origin (Reg 2023/956 Art 9 deduction support)
How it works: fill in your supplier's name + email + your company details + annual import volume. We generate a tamper-proof PDF + email-ready text and email it to YOU (not your supplier directly) — you stay in control of the relationship.
Generate the letter for CN 72112900 — Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbonLetter content cites EU regulations verbatim; no fabrication. Turkishtranslation available alongside the English version. Disclaimer in the letter: “Translation in good faith; English version prevails.”
Origin carbon-price deduction (Article 9)
Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 lets importers deduct any verified carbon price already paid in the country of origin from the CBAM certificate cost. If your Turkeysupplier participates in a domestic ETS or carbon-tax scheme and can produce verifier-attested proof of payment, you enter the €/tCO₂e in the calculator's Origin carbon price paid field and the deduction is applied to the gross cost.
We do not publish a live table of Turkey's domestic carbon prices on this page — the value depends on the specific scheme + verification, not a public daily print. Speak with your supplier and provide the verified figure to the calculator yourself.
Resources
Frequently asked: CBAM imports from CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon)
Is CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon) in CBAM scope?
Yes. CN 72112900 is classified under the iron and steel sector in CBAM scope per Annex I of Regulation (EU) 2023/956. EU importers of this CN code must comply with CBAM reporting obligations from January 2026 (definitive period). Verify scope status with our cn-scope monitor cron, refreshed weekly.
What is the EU default emission intensity for CN 72112900?
The European Commission publishes country-specific default emission values for CN 72112900 under Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2621. Across CBAM-eligible non-EU origins, the published range is 0.14 tCO2e per tonne (Azerbaijan — lowest published default) to 8.25 tCO2e per tonne (Indonesia — highest published default). The 2026 marked-up value adds +10% per Reg 2025/2621 §3, phasing to +20% in 2027 and +30% from 2028.
Where can I import CN 72112900 most cheaply (CBAM cost)?
By 2026 marked-up EU default emission intensity × current CBAM certificate price (€75.36/tCO2e), the lowest CBAM cost per 100-tonne shipment comes from: Brazil (€14,341 per 100 t), Japan (€17,657 per 100 t), Korea (South) (€17,773 per 100 t). This ranks origins by EU-published default intensity only — your supplier's verified emissions may put any origin lower. Run the calculator at /cbam/calculator with your specific shipment for an exact comparison.
Can my supplier's verified emissions reduce my CBAM cost on CN 72112900?
Yes. Per Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/2547 §3, an importer can substitute the EU default emission intensity with a supplier-verified figure. The verified figure must come from an EA-recognised verifier per Reg (EU) 2025/2546 (verification of declared embedded emissions). For most imports the verified intensity is materially lower than the default + statutory markup, so getting verified data from your supplier reduces CBAM cost. Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2023/956 also lets you deduct the carbon price already paid in the country of origin from the CBAM surrender obligation, with verified documentation.
Have a question about CBAM imports from CN 72112900 (Flat-rolled products of iron or non-alloy steel, of a width of < 600 mm, simply cold-rolled "cold-reduced", not clad, plated or coated, containing by weight >= 0,25% of carbon)that isn't covered? Email support@customs-invoice.com — we'll publish answers to common ones here.