International (HS 2022) · Section XV
Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms
HS 7201 — Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms — sits in Chapter 72 (Iron and steel). Pig iron, ferroalloys, flat-rolled and long steel products. These goods trigger the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in addition to standard MFN duty — EU importers pay both customs charges and a per-tonne carbon cost calculated from country-specific emission defaults (see the CBAM panel below for live values). Classification disputes are decided by the section + chapter legal notes shown below — these are legally binding interpretation rules, not advisory text. The duty table renders live rates from authoritative tariff sources (EU TARIC, HMRC XI, USITC HTS); cross-country rows compare treatment under five tariff schedules.
CBAM applies to this code
Estimate the EU carbon cost for 7201
Iron and steel imports trigger CBAM in addition to MFN duty + VAT. Paste your tonnes and origin country — get the carbon-cost line in 30 seconds.
EU CBAM emissions defaults
Default emissions intensities for CN 7201
Under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486, EU importers of iron and steel under CN 7201 that cannot provide verified actual emissions from their supplier must use these country-specific default values. Defaults carry a regulatory markup that grows each year — +10% in 2026, +20% in 2027, +30% from 2028 — to incentivise verification. Multiplied by the EU CBAM certificate price (currently €75.36/tCO₂e) and shipment tonnage, this is the carbon-cost line on every consignment.
Intensity ranges from 1.110 tCO₂e/t (cleanest: Canada) to 7.920 tCO₂e/t (highest: Indonesia) across CBAM-eligible origins — a 7.1× spread that makes origin choice a real cost lever.
| Origin | Share of EU imports | Default tCO₂e/t | 2026 (+10%) | 2027 (+20%) | 2028+ (+30%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukraine | 67.0% | 2.173 | 2.390 | 2.608 | 2.825 |
| South Africa | 21.8% | 3.470 | 3.817 | 4.164 | 4.511 |
| Brazil | 11.2% | 1.478 | 1.625 | 1.773 | 1.921 |
| China | 0.0% | 1.660 | 1.826 | 1.992 | 2.158 |
| Turkey | 0.0% | 1.850 | 2.035 | 2.220 | 2.405 |
Default values from Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/486; trade shares from Eurostat Comext (latest period). See full CBAM cost analysis for CN 7201 →
Sibling codes under 72
- 7201Pig iron and spiegeleisen in pigs, blocks or other primary forms
- 7202Ferro-alloys
- 7203Ferrous products obtained by direct reduction of iron ore and other spongy ferrous products, in lumps, pellets or the like; iron having a minimum purity of 99.94%, in lumps, pellets or similar forms
- 7204Ferrous waste and scrap; remelting scrap ingots of iron or steel
- 7205Granules and powders, of pig iron, spiegeleisen, iron or steel
- 7206Iron and non-alloy steel in ingots or other primary forms (excluding iron of heading no. 7203)
- 7207Iron or non-alloy steel; semi-finished products thereof
- 7208Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products of a width of 600mm or more, hot-rolled, not clad, plated or coated
- 7209Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, cold-rolled (cold-reduced), not clad, plated or coated
- 7210Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width 600mm or more, clad, plated or coated
- 7211Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, not clad, plated or coated
- 7212Iron or non-alloy steel; flat-rolled products, width less than 600mm, clad, plated or coated
- 7213Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, hot-rolled, in irregularly wound coils
- 7214Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, not further worked than forged, hot-rolled, hot drawn or hot-extruded, but including those twisted after rolling
- 7215Iron or non-alloy steel; bars and rods, n.e.c. in chapter 72
- 7216Iron or non-alloy steel, angles, shapes and sections
- 7217Wire of iron or non-alloy steel
- 7218Stainless steel in ingots or other primary forms; semi-finished products of stainless steel
- 7219Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width of 600mm or more
- 7220Stainless steel; flat-rolled products of width less than 600mm
Recent news affecting Chapter 72 — Iron and steel
Tariff changes, sanctions, FTAs, and regulatory updates that touch this product class.
EU CBAM webinar: decarbonization incentives in 2026
The EU's Directorate-General for Taxation and Customs (DG TAXUD) held its second CBAM implementation webinar on 7 May 2026, focused on how exporters can leverage decarbonization efforts to reduce CBAM exposure. CBAM, the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (Regulation 2023/956), applies to imports of cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, hydrogen, and electricity. The webinar addressed strategies for proving lower embedded emissions and securing CBAM certificates at favorable rates—critical for non-EU manufacturers competing in European markets as the transitional phase ends.
UK registers hot-rolled steel plates from South Korea under trade remedies
The UK Department for Business and Trade has issued a trade remedies notice requiring registration of imports of hot-rolled steel plates originating from South Korea, effective 9 June 2026. This measure is part of the UK's trade remedies framework and affects shippers importing HS Chapter 72 steel products from South Korea. Importers must comply with registration requirements to avoid penalties or shipment delays.
EU releases indirect-emissions guidance for CBAM implementation
The European Commission has published a technical study on indirect emissions under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), providing policy analysis to support CBAM implementation and evolution. This study addresses how embedded indirect emissions—such as electricity and steam used in production—are measured, reported, and credited within the CBAM framework, which covers cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, hydrogen, and electricity. The guidance is intended to clarify compliance pathways for importers and EU producers as CBAM transitions from its current phase into full operational scope.
EU Steel Regulation: Melt-and-pour country traceability rules set for 2026
The European Commission has opened a targeted consultation on documentation standards for country-of-origin 'melt and pour' traceability under the EU Steel Regulation. The consultation seeks feedback from stakeholders on what evidence shippers and producers must provide to prove the country where steel is melted and poured—a key requirement for compliance with the new regulation. This affects all exporters and importers of steel products into the EU.
US tariffs on aluminum, steel, copper adjusted effective June 2026
The U.S. Federal Register published a notice on June 4, 2026, announcing further adjustments to tariff rates on imports of aluminum, steel, and copper. The adjustment affects HS chapters 72 (iron and steel), 73 (articles of iron or steel), 76 (aluminum and articles thereof), and 74 (copper and articles thereof). Shippers importing these commodities must verify updated duty rates and adjust landed-cost calculations accordingly before the effective date.
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